This journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractice. All parties involved in the publishing process—authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher—are expected to adhere to ethical guidelines at all stages of publication.

Responsibilities of Authors

• Authors must ensure that their work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it under consideration by another journal.
• All data presented in the manuscript must be accurate and honestly reported. Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of data is unacceptable.
• Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must be given. All sources used in the research must be appropriately cited.
• Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study.
• Any conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, must be disclosed at the time of submission.

Responsibilities of Editors

• Editors are responsible for evaluating manuscripts solely on their academic merit, originality, clarity, and relevance to the journal’s scope.
• Editorial decisions must be free from bias, discrimination, or conflicts of interest.
• Editors shall maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and must not disclose information to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, or editorial staff.
• Editors may take appropriate action in cases of suspected ethical misconduct, including plagiarism, data manipulation, or redundant publication.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

• Peer reviewers must conduct their reviews objectively, constructively, and within the agreed timeframe.
• Reviewers should treat manuscripts as confidential documents and must not use the information obtained through peer review for personal advantage.
• Any conflicts of interest that could influence the review must be declared to the editor.
• Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors.

Plagiarism and Misconduct

The journal does not tolerate plagiarism in any form. Submitted manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism detection tools. Manuscripts found to contain plagiarized material, unethical research practices, or other forms of misconduct may be rejected or retracted.

Corrections and Retractions

If errors or ethical issues are discovered after publication, the journal will take appropriate action, including issuing corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions, as necessary.